Sorry to be late in replying. The weekend has been busy with holiday prep…
I’m no expert on this, but my impression is that most German speakers who came to this country in the first half of the 19th c. – and this may have been true of Norwegians, Swedes and Danes – were more educated than later German immigrants and/or had skills that were in short supply here, skills like watchmaking and professional-level music-making. (My mother’s paternal grandmother, who largely raised her – her first husband was the son of an organist from Hamburg (though his citizenship was Danish) who had trained in Hamburg and Vienna. He came to NY in the late 1830’s and benefited from being “German” since that added luster to his reputation as an organist and intellectual.) These earlier immigrants also arrived with more money in their pockets. From the late 1840’s onward, esp. after the CW, poverty was the main reason people came here from Sweden, Germany, Ireland, and Eastern Europe. These immigrants came in great numbers, of course, and often had little or no formal education. Quite a few (not just DJT’s grandfather) were escaping military service and wars, while Jewish immigrants were escaping pogroms. I have no idea what led my 3rd great grandparents from “Sweden” and “Norway” to NYC in time for their daughter to be born in NYC in 1828. (Scare quotes because Norway was still ruled by the king of Sweden, so maybe she was technically a Swedish subject?) Maybe her father, Swensen, was in that Quaker group who came to NYC in 1825? (Quakers, back in the say, weren’t keen on dancing, as I recall.)
I just did some online research about Norway and Norwegian Americans. If what I read is correct, Norwegians came here less to flee poverty than to flee the prospect of it, given the primogeniture laws, radically decreasing infant mortality rates, and the shortage of farm land. They often came with enough money to get off to a decent start.
I’ve never thought of Norwegians, or Norwegian-Americans, as particularly introverted or not inclined to dance, though now that I think of it, one of the things that struck me about the Minnesotans I knew when I went to college there decades ago was their restrained way of conducting conversation. I thought that was just a contrast with my NYC area habits. I did know that it mattered a great deal to people whether their surname ended in -sen or -son. And my nephew’s Minnesota family maintain Norwegian traditions at Christmas.