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The Power of Vaccines
In a study published this year in the Lancet, researchers used statistical modeling to estimate the impact of vaccines against 14 common pathogens in the past 50 years. The scientists determined that vaccines saved 154 million lives since 1974—at a rate of six lives every minute. Of those saved lives, 95 percent of which were children under five years old. The same estimates showed that vaccines have cut infant mortality by 40 percent globally, and by more than 50 percent in Africa. The smallpox vaccine totally eradicated the illness in 1977. And other severe illnesses like polio, measles and rubella are eliminated in some countries, or at record lows globally.
In all of human history, vaccines have saved more lives than almost any other intervention.
First line of defense: Vaccines are usually the primary line of public health defense in communities with no health care. Poverty, malnutrition, underlying health conditions, overcrowding, human conflict, displacement, and lack of access to medical care, hygiene or sanitation—all of these are risk factors for infectious disease, says Kate O’Brien, director of the WHO’s immunization, vaccines and biologicals department. Vaccines reduce disease in these settings and free up health care resources for other public health projects. Vaccines also reduce disability and long-term morbidity, and prevent loss of labor and the death of caretakers.
What the experts say: “We say vaccines are one of humanity’s great achievements in terms of having furthered the lifespan and life quality for humanity in the past 50 years,” says Aurélia Nguyen, chief program officer at Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
Deaths averted since 1974:
Measles: 93,712,000
Tetanus: 27,955,000
Pertussis: 13,155,000
Tuberculosis: 10,902,000
Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB): 2,858,000
Poliomyelitis: 1,570,000
Jen Christiansen (styling); Source: “Contribution of Vaccination to Improved Survival and Health: Modelling 50 Years of the Expanded Programme on Immunization,” by Andrew J. Shattock et al., in Lancet, Vol. 403; May 25, 2024