Regarding the Halloweeen tragedy in South Korea, I think there were 3 main factors at hand. 1. Past-looking bureaucracies. Over the years, I have observed that the government bureaucracies from the local to the national level in advanced Asian countries like Korea and Japan tend to be filled with bright, hard-working people. They are really good at responding to problems. Unfortunately, anticipating problems is one of their systemic weaknesses. 2. Personal space. People in Asian countries tend to live in densely-populated urban areas, and from young ages develop a level of comfort in being packed in like sardines. I would guess that the average American requires 2-3 times the personal space of the typical Japanese or Korean. 3. Pervasive sense of safety. Unlike many western countries, where you take your life in your hands if you accidentally wander into the wrong neighborhood, major cities in China, Japan, Korea, etc. tend to be extremely safe. Again: from young ages, people grow up with little instinct for possible danger and develop a sense that they go anywhere safely.