Tangential, but let me add that while the the criteria for what qualifies one for a particular combat award remain constant, how those criteria get applied will change from war to war, as the standard for what constitutes doing one’s duty and exceeding it change.
This is in no way intended to denigrate the recipients of a combat award in any war or to suggest that there’s some kind of cynical inflation that occurs. It’s just that, as a matter of the instant culture created among the people fighting it, the weaponry and technology available, the tactics dictated by The Book and by the weapons and tech and, frankly, the number of combat situations that occur given the numbers of combatants involved.
Just to give a gross example, during the Civil War, when there was no DSM, DSC, Silver Star, or Bronze Star, and the Medal of Honor was not yet subject to the extremely stringent criteria of today, men were expected to form line, right out in the open, and endure murderously accurate aimed fire from weaponry that had rendered tactics designed for smooth bore muskets a recipe for mass slaughter and, increasingly, that fire tended to come from people on the other side who had dug in or taken cover. No one got a medal for that inconceivable heroism. Your reward was not being shot for cowardice.
Half a century later, over the top and into the machine guns was the minimum required of a soldier. By the time we got to the trenches, a few lessons–but most of them wrong–had been learned about the folly of charging trenches across open ground, but the minimum requirements of duty in World War I were almost more than any human could be expected to bear, as the mass mutinies that began breaking out among all the original combatants starting in 1916 will attest. No one got a medal for going over the top and charging into the machine guns with the rest of the unit. It took a lot more to get a combat award.
And my point here is that, without any disrespect intended or directed to the veterans of later wars, what you had to do to get a Silver Star–the third highest combat decoration–in World War II, particularly in the Pacific Theater, is beyond our imagination today. I realized all of this, and then had it explained to me by a West Point grad, when I came across a copy of my Dad’s Bronze Star citation during the Iraq War. I read it and said, “holy crap, you only got a Bronze Star for doing something that recklessly insane in in World War II?”
I don’t know what Tammy’s father did to earn that Silver Star. But I know whatever it was would be so far beyond anything Mark Kirk could ever have imagined doing in his largely imaginary military career it would probably be traumatic just to read the citation for it.